化学物质释放人工改变电离层

考虑中性气体在电离层高度的扩散过程和相应的电离层离子化学过程，研究了利用主动化学物质释放来改变电离层的方法，理论计算了H2O和SF6两种气体释放后电离层随时间的响应过程，结果表明，在电离层高度上气体的扩散过程非常迅速，电离层F区的电子密度有很大程度的减少，而扩散慢且化学反应快的气体对电离层的影响更大，就更加有利于电离层洞的形成。     

燃气轮机燃烧室预混喷嘴排放性能的试验和数值研究

为了研究当量比、值班燃料量和压力对燃气轮机燃烧室预混喷嘴排放指标的影响,在环境压力下按照等速模化原理进行了燃烧室预混喷嘴的燃烧试验,基于化学反应网络法构建了污染物预测模型,开展了试验和数值对比研究。结果表明:在带值班燃料的情况下该预混喷嘴当量比φ在0.35～0.5时可满足国标排放要求,但是值班燃料量增大会使NO_x排放升高;在φ0.4时,压力对纯预混燃烧NO_x生成无影响,φ0.4时,NO_x会随压力升高而增多;带有值班燃料的预混燃烧时,NO_x对压力变化敏感,压力升高导致NO_x增多;该预混喷嘴混合性能对空气流速不敏感、燃料兼容性强,排放达标当量比范围宽,经进一步设计开发后有潜力应用于燃气轮机低排放燃烧室中。该化学反应器网络模型依赖经验较少,当值班燃料比例≤0.17时,对污染物预测与试验数据符合较好。     

Development process of muzzle flows including a gun-launched missile

Numerical investigations on the launch process of a gun-launched missile from the muzzle of a cannon to the free-flight stage have been performed in this paper. The dynamic overlapped grids approach are applied to dealing with the problems of a moving gun-launched missile. The high-resolution upwind scheme(AUSMPW+) and the detailed reaction kinetics model are adopted to solve the chemical non-equilibrium Euler equations for dynamic grids. The development process and flow field structure of muzzle flows including a gun-launched missile are discussed in detail.This present numerical study confirms that complicated transient phenomena exist in the shortly launching stages when the gun-launched missile moves from the muzzle of a cannon to the freeflight stage. The propellant gas flows, the initial environmental ambient air flows and the moving missile mutually couple and interact. A complete structure of flow field is formed at the launching stages, including the blast wave, base shock, reflected shock, incident shock, shear layer, primary vortex ring and triple point.     

现代民机新型灭火剂性能研究

对新型灭火剂研究背景和种类进行了简要介绍,对具有开发潜力的新型灭火剂的理化性能、毒性、腐蚀性、灭火性能、环保性能进行深入分析与研究。通过对新型灭火剂性能的研究,得出每种灭火剂的优缺点,筛选出适用于现代民机灭火系统的灭火剂。     

The ‘soot line’: Destruction of presolar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the terrestrial planet-forming region of disks

Interstellar material is highly processed when subjected to the physical conditions that prevail in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks, the potential birthplace of habitable planets. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are abundant in the interstellar medium, and they have also been observed in the disks around young stars, with evidence for some modification in the latter. Using a chemical model developed for sooting flames, we have investigated the chemical evolution of PAHs in warm (1000–2000 K) and oxygen-rich (C/O < 1) conditions appropriate for the region where habitable planets may eventually form. Our study focuses on (1) delineating the conditions under which PAHs will react and (2) identifying the key reaction pathways and reaction products characterizing this chemical evolution. We find that reactions with H, OH and O are the main pathways for destroying PAHs over disk timescale at temperatures greater than about 1000 K. In the process, high abundances of C₂H₂ persist over long timescales due to the kinetic inhibition of reactions that eventually drive the carbon into CO, CO₂ and CH₄. The thermal destruction of PAHs may thus be the cause of the abundant C₂H₂ that has been observed in disks. We propose that protoplanetary disks have a ‘soot line’, within which PAHs are irreversibly destroyed via thermally-driven reactions. The soot line will play an important role, analogous to that of the ‘snow line’, in the bulk carbon content of meteorites and habitable planets.     

赴美国、加拿大考察报告

介绍了赴美国国家标准与技术研究院。加拿大国家研究院等单位对化学计量进行考察的情况，浅谈了几点体会。     

水浴沉积法制备太阳能电池用CdS薄膜

本文用化学沉积法和电化学沉积法制备太阳能电池用半导体薄膜硫化镉（ＣｄＳ），对成膜的影响因素进行了测试。结果表明，化学沉积ＣｄＳ质量较好，沉积速度较慢，受ｐＨ的影响较大，且水浴容器壁上沉积有大量的ＣｄＳ膜。电化学沉积ＣｄＳ的电流密度在０．５～２．５ ｍ Ａ／ｃｍ ２ 的范围内，沉积速度快，材料消耗少，但是对电流密度过于敏感，成膜参数难以控制。     

浅析我国宪法对私产的保护

私有财产权的宪法保障问题一直以来为学术界所关注和讨论,新的宪法修正案将"公民的合法的私有财产不受侵犯"写入宪法,顺应了民意,并完善了有关公民财产权保障制度.这必将有力地促进我国市场经济的健康发展和社会的文明进步.     

基于自适应网格的钝头体激波诱导燃烧现象数值模拟研究

钝头体激波诱导燃烧是爆震研究的一个基本问题。针对化学恰当量比的H2/Air预混气在Ma=4.79和Ma=6.46时的激波诱导燃烧现象开展数值模拟研究，采用基于有限体积法的块结构自适应网格加密程序AMROC对带化学反应源项的轴对称Euler方程解耦求解，考察了数值模拟中不同形式的MUSCL重构格式、限制器类型以及化学反应机理等重要因素对模拟结果的影响。结果表明，程序能够根据设定的加密判据较好地实现网格自适应加密，减小总网格量，实现高效数值模拟。通过与实验数据的对比，表明非定常激波诱导燃烧算例的准确程度不仅取决于化学反应机理，也取决于限制器类型，而采用两种不同形式的MUSCL重构格式获得的振荡频率则几乎一致，与试验结果的误差分别为1.17%和0.97%。模拟对比经典的Jachimowski机理和近年来新发展的几种包含压力相关反应步的氢/氧反应机理，模拟结果表明：对于Ma=4.79时的非定常激波诱导燃烧模拟，经典的Jachimowski机理仍然是能够给出与实验结果最接近的反应机理；而对于Ma=6.46时的定常激波诱导燃烧模拟，几种反应机理均能给出与实验吻合较好的结果。     

Simulation and analysis of chemical release in the ionosphere

Ionospheric inhomogeneous plasma produced by single point chemical release has simple space-time structure, and cannot impact radio wave frequencies higher than Very High Frequency (VHF) band. In order to produce more complicated ionospheric plasma perturbation structure and trigger instabilities phenomena, multiple-point chemical release scheme is presented in this paper. The effects of chemical release on low latitude ionospheric plasma are estimated by linear instability growth rate theory that high growth rate represents high irregularities, ionospheric scintillation occurrence probability and high scintillation intension in scintillation duration. The amplitude scintillations and the phase scintillations of 150?MHz, 400?MHz, and 1000?MHz are calculated based on the theory of multiple phase screen (MPS), when they propagate through the disturbed area.